Carbon Capture and Storage

Climate targets are almost impossible to meet without Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): According to the International Energy Agency, “reaching net zero will be virtually impossible without CCS”. In the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, nearly all 90 scenarios include CCS in some form. Across all scenarios, the average volume of CCS in 2050 is 10 gigatonnes per year.
Safe permanent storage of CO2 is expected to have its main market in hard-to-abate industries like cement production, steel production, waste to energy, chemical industries and transformation of natural gas to hydrogen. In addition, there may be so-call negative emissions, DACCS (Direct Air CCS) and BECCS (Bio-Energy with CCS), where CO2 is withdrawn from the atmosphere or the natural ecosystem.

This document defines the overall use cases for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and defines OPC UA types to model equipment needed to conduct CCS.